BLACK HOLE

BLACK HOLE

By: Muhammad Muhibbuddin

In the discourse of cosmology and astronomy, we know about black hole.  This is not a odd concept anymore for us nowdays especially for someone concentrating in astronomy or cosmology. But  the term indeed is still not popular in lay people.  In 1783, John Mitchell  offers idea of a body so massive  that make light could not escape. It implicitely indicates the existence of black hole.

Simulated view of a black hole in front of the Large Magellanic Cloud.

https://en.wikipedia.org

The following, in 1796, mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace introduced the same idea in the first and second editions of his book Exposition du système du Monde . The such dark stars were widely ignored in the nineteenth century, since it was not understood how a massless wave such as light could be influenced by gravity (Thorne: 1994, 123–124).

Recently,  a famous astrophisic Stephen Hawking has shaken up the popular science world with his newest discourse about the basic nature of black holes. Hawking's new black hole concept, entitled Information Preservation and Weather Forecasting for Black Holes, was published January, 22, 2014, in the preprint journal arXiv.org. This Hawking’s study actually attempts to resolve or answer  a paradox surrounding the basic building system of how the universe works.

What is a Black Hole?

Black hole,  in formal terminology, is a region of space from which no matter, light, or signal of anything can escape (Galloway: 1977, 33). In other words, black hole is a region of space time  showing  strong gravitational effects including particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light (Wald: 1984, 299–300). The existence of  black hole explicitely was offered by  Robert Oppenheimer and Hartland S. Snyder in 1939 as a consequency of Einstein’s General  Relativity theory.

In a perspective, a black hole is shaped as an end product of stellar evolution. After several billion years, a star exhausts its nuclear fuel supply. It happen  because of  the star loses its thermal, thus it contracts under the pressure of gravity. Based on theory of General Relativity, the high compact mass  can break spacetime and  shape black hole.

Besides that, the gravitional collapse of star  will culminate in the type of black hole when the stars radius shrinks to  less than  a certain small measure. The gravitional region then becomes very strong causing no matter, light and signals of anything appear  or emerge from within. The boundary of space  or field from which no escape  is called the event horizon.  This spherical surface characterizes existence of the black hole, inside of which the collapsed star and any subsequently sucked or dissolved matter are squeezed virtually out of the existence (Galloway: 1977, 33).

Although the event horizon contains enormous effect on the object crossing it, it does not have locally detectable features. In many ways a black hole acts like an ideal black body, as it does not reflects  light anything (Schutz: 2003, 110). A black hole is nonluminous field and generally has very small diameter. Thus, it is very difficult to detect.