POVERTY PHENOMENON IN INDONESIA By : Nidya Dudija

Indonesia is an archipelago country that has more than 13000 islands. “Gemah Ripah Loh Jinawi, Toto Titi Tentrem Kerto Raharjo” is the motto of our predecessors who believed that Indonesia is a country that has a great wealth so as to create a comfortable and prosperous state. In fact, the data at the end of 2013 the poverty rate in Indonesia is still more than 11 % of the total population in Indonesia, or about 28,55 million. Poverty alleviation programs that have been done by the government, as if it has not been able to eliminate poverty completely from Indonesia. Criminality, malnutrition, school dropout to a mental disorder caused by the impact of poverty. An Individual factor, subcultural, and structural believed to be one of the causes of poverty. Individual factor related to the motivation considered an important role so that the poor were able to raise from adversity / poverty of life and compelled to change his way of life to be more dignified.

On December 2015, Indonesian community was shocked by the news of adulterated drinks which took many lives. As happened in Garut, Sumedang, Jakarta, and Bogor in a week after drinking adulterated liquor found 34 people died and 121 people were hospitalized. Adulterated liquor is very dangerous because it is made of alcohol-based ethanol content of 70~96 percent with a variety of materials that are not to be taken , such as methanol (sprites), a variety of chemical drugs, and anti-mosquito lotion .This phenomenon is believed to occur as a result of the heavy burden of life, widening the economic gap, the challenging behavior danger, to the expression of cultural identity is a marginal group making adulterated liquor continued to be made and circulated in the community. The number of fatalities and disability for life does not diminish the desire some people to try it. Law enforcement and education are not enough to stop the circulation of the drink. Citing the opinion Sarwono (2014) "Consumption of liquor adulterated shows lifestyle changes and unproductive society. Poverty and unemployment make them unhealthy seeking an outlet. Sustained increasingly open information, encourages them to imitate foreign cultures drink" . Meanwhile, according to Abidin (2014) "Competition is fiercer life, dense environments, and economic disparity create adulterated liquor and other negative behaviors so their escape was ‘lost’ in the competition of life" (Baranews.co , 2014). Poverty in Indonesia is not a new problem, where the poverty rate is increasing every year and very little decline.

Based on data from the national socio-economic survey, it can be seen that the poverty rate decreased slightly, in September 2012, the poor in Indonesia amounted to 11,66 % and declined in September 2013 to 11,47 % in the span of a year means poverty down 0,19 %. But, this still does not meet the target of the government of President SBY to reduce poverty in Indonesia to be 8 ~ 10% in 2014 (Arismunandar, 2014).

In general, poverty will become a culture that is passed down in a family or group. Because the poor cannot access education and development of science and technology at a cost to obtain them, so that when they work, they will not have the ability to compete in the world of work, with people who are well educated, and ultimately people - the poor will occupy a job that is low anyway. For example, cleaning service. The salary they get is very minimal. Even many poor people who do not work alias unemployment. Usually, the poor will be married to the poor as well so that the child they get the results of her wedding will have the same education level with their parents, so that this state continues until the next generation.

Government efforts to reduce poverty have not been proven to eliminate poverty in Indonesia. The number of street children vagrants and beggars who keep coming back again to the streets despite having been given guidance by the Department of Social Welfare shows that the desire to meet the basic needs (food, clothing, and shelter) is very strong, sometimes it is able to justify any means. Urgent and basic needs must be met, making government assistance programs are still not able to understand the needs of the grassroots, especially when poverty alleviation programs are "on-off", are not sustainable and not the right target.

It can be concluded that poverty is a condition of inability of individuals, families, and groups to meet the basic needs of life, such as clothing, food, and shelter, so the condition is prone to the emergence of other social problems. Poverty causes a person vulnerable to become victims of crime and behavior, as well as poor people vulnerable to disease. In general, the psychological condition of poor people less happy because they cannot meet their needs appropriately. The problem of poverty provides an enormous impact on a person's psychological condition. Poverty causes a person to do anything.

Understanding that it helps, governments, NGOs, and the community understand the essence of the needs of each human being, especially the poor. To be able to help alleviate poverty and to understand the urgent needs, so that individuals are encouraged to behave in order to meet these needs.